

Toshikoshi-soba refers to soba noodles served at the end of the year. It is a popular winter tradition in Japan that became established among the general households in the mid-Edo period.
Not only was soba cultivated as an emergency crop, but it was frequently served on honored occasions as a bringer of good luck. Other than the toshikoshi-soba, togakushi-soba, yamagata-soba, and wacko-soba are all dishes that are traditionally offered on honored days. Further, according to literature written in the mid-Edo Period, soba was also widely recognized as a healthful dish, which is why soba is served at the turn of the seasons or the end of the month, such as the misoka-soba and the setsubun-soba.
Toshikoshi-soba in specific is served in Japanese households on New Year’s Eve. The long and thin dish is thought to extend one’s life-span and enhance the fortunes of a family, and since soba is easy to cut, it is served to sever the hardship and disaster one has experienced during the year before the new year as well. It is also thought to bring economic fortune since soba was traditionally used by goldsmiths to collect the scattered gold dust. For these reasons, toshikoshi-soba is eaten before the Joya no Kane, the bell ringing out the old year, starts ringing.
Toshikoshi-soba differs according to the region. For instance, Hokkaido and Kyoto prefectures serve soba with herring, while toshikoshi-soba in Fukui prefecture comes with grated hot white radish. Toshikoshi-soba in Iwate prefecture is divided into small dishes and cut into long pieces so that one could eat a lot.
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Sonobe Sangyo’s Meibokuwan
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References:
https://www.jalan.net/news/article/482725/
https://www.nikkoku.co.jp/entertainment/glossary/post-38.php
https://www.ielove.co.jp/column/contents/01082/